SLEEP

The amount of sleep required by the average person is five minutes more. ~Wilson Mizener

DIET

Here’s one way to immediately – starting tonight – reduce the amount of sleep your body needs: change your diet.Really, my best advice is… Eat Food. Mostly Plants. Not too Much.

NAPPING

You must sleep sometime between lunch and dinner, and no half-way measures. Take off your clothes and get into bed. That's what I always do. Don't think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the day. That's a foolish notion held by people who have no imagination.

If you are going [...]

DREAMING AND CREATIVITY

Our dreams are firsthand creations, rather than residues of waking life. We have the capacity for infinite creativity; at least while dreaming, we partake of the power of the Spirit, the infinite Godhead that creates the cosmos. ~Jackie Gleason

SLEEP ENVIRONMENT

There are two types of people in this world, good and bad. The good sleep better, but the bad seem to enjoy the waking hours much more. ~Woody Allen

USE LUCID DREAMING TO CULTIVATE PEAK PERFORMANCE, SOLVE PROBLEMS, AND OVERCOME FEARS

Dream imagery is convincingly real and vivid. There’s depth, color, dimension, and experience interwoven into dream imagery. An apple in a dream feels real and can be experienced with all senses, despite it only occurring in your head. On the other hand, when you imagine an apple in your head while you’re awake, it appears dim and weak, like a small flicker. Yet we rely on waking imagery all the time to envision futures, set goals, and mentally rehearse and practice skills (public speaking, sports…). Dreams can be used instead for these things. Learn to become conscious during a dream and use it to become a better public speaker, overcome the fear of approaching women, or simply envision your ideal future self.

Dreams are the most vivid type of mental imagery most people are likely to experience. The more the mental rehearsal of a skill feels like the real thing, the greater the effect it is likely to have on waking performance. Because of this, lucid dreaming, in which we can make conscious use of dream imagery, is likely to be even more useful than waking mental imagery as a tool for learning and practicing skills. –pg 185 of Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming

This technique has been explored heavily with great success by the community of avid lucid dreamers. It’s a shame that a fundamentally useful skill like this hasn’t entered the mainstream.

Let’s look at a few examples: 

Example 1: Use Lucid Dreaming to fine tune motor skills as a surgeon 

I discovered in high school that I was a lucid dreamer when I learned that I could study complicated mathematical and geometry problems before going to bed and discovered that I was able to solve the problems when I awakened… 

The greatest use to which I have been able to put this facility is in the practice of surgery. Each night before retiring I review my list of surgical cases and I actually practice these cases in my sleep. I have gained a reputation for being a rapid and skilled surgeon with almost no major complications… (R.V., Aiken, South Carolina)

Example 2: Understand abstract mathematical concepts

A little over a year ago, I was in a linear algebra class that introduced me to vector spaces. I was having a lot of trouble understanding the topic on more than a superficial level. After about a week of serious studying, I had a lucid dream about an abstract vector space. I perceived directly a four-dimensional space. The dream did not have a visual component, but such abstract dreams are not uncommon for me. The best I can describe that dream is to say that I perceived four coordinate axes that were mutually perpendicular. Since that night, both math and dreaming have been more fun for me, and I’ve had relatively little trouble understanding vector space calculus. (T.D., Clarksville, Tennesee)

Example 3: Overcome anxiety, increase self-confidence

In my lucid dreams I am always with a group of people in a room where everyone seems to be doing or saying exactly what they feel. I am usually sitting back not saying much of anything, and feeling very badly inside. Suddenly, I realize that I am dreaming and I decide to change my behavior in the dream and say exactly what is on my mind. It’s a little scary doing this because it is new for me, but at the same time it feels good and makes me feel clearer. I wake up from these dreams feeling especially good about myself. It shows me how it feels to act aggressively rather than passively… (K.G., Charlotte, North Carolina)

Example 4: Perform in front of an audience without fear

I am studying to become a professional musician (French horn), and I wished to remove my fear of performing in front of people. On several occasions I placed myself in a state of self-hypnosis/daydreaming by relaxing my entire body and mind before going to sleep. Then I focused on my desire to have a dream in which I was performing for a large audience by myself but was not nervous or suffering from anxiety. On the third night of this experiment, I had a lucid dream in which I was performing a solo recital without accompaniment at Orchestra Hall in Chicago (a place where I have performed once before, but in a full orchestra). I felt no anxiety regarding the audience, and every note that I played made me feel even more confident. I played perfectly a piece that I had heard only once before (and never attempted to play), and the ovation I received added to my confidence. When I woke up, I made a quick note of the dream and the piece that I played. While practicing the next day, I sight-read the piece and played it nearly perfectly. Two weeks (and a few lucid dream performances) later, I performed Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony with the orchestra. For the first time, nerves did not hamper my playing, and the performance went extremely well. (J.S., Mt. Prospect, Illinois)

All of these examples were taken from Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming, which has dozens more such examples and, of course, expert advice on how to use lucid dreaming to improve your waking world.

The possibilities are limitless. Dream of approaching the opposite sex with power and self-confidence. Perform piano recitals in a lucid dream before doing it in real life. Rehearse your martial arts moves. Overcome anything.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

LEARN TO LUCID DREAM

I realized I was dreaming. I raised my arms and began to rise… I rose through black sky that blended to indigo, to deep purple, to lavender, to white, then to very bright light. All the time I was being lifted there was the most beautiful music I have ever heard. It seemed like voices rather than instruments. There are no words to describe the JOY I felt. I was gently lowered back to earth. I had the feeling that I had come to a turning point in my life and I had chosen the right path. The dream, the joy I experienced, was kind of a reward, or so I felt. It was a long, slow slide back into wakefulness with the music echoing in my ears. The euphoria lasted several days; the memory, forever. (A.F., Bay City, Michigan) Taken from pg 1 of Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming.

Lucid dreaming occurs when you become conscious during a dream. This allows you to control your dream character.

Lucid dreaming is a skill. Anyone can learn it, but it takes time and practice. The time and practice are well worth it. I had my first lucid dream 5 months after hearing about it. Some people are faster learners.

The most common way to induce a lucid dream is to program yourself to notice the “weird” stuff in dreams… you perform “reality checks” to see if you’re dreaming or not. For example, you might be dreaming and notice that you can’t read the numbers on a clock. “Why can’t I read those numbers? I can normally read… wait, this must be a dream”. Then click, you become conscious in your dream and can now control your dream character. Next step usually is to fly around for a bit then go make out with your favorite celebrity.

Learning to have a lucid dream isn’t hard, but you need the right techniques, which are too detailed to give in this book. I recommend Exploring the world of Lucid Dreaming. Written by the very guy who first validated lucid dreaming in scientific research. It’s gained the reputation as the lucid dreaming how-to book. Worth the low price.

Otherwise, check out the excellent website Lucidipedia.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

DREAMING AND CREATIVITY

Our dreams are firsthand creations, rather than residues of waking life. We have the capacity for infinite creativity; at least while dreaming, we partake of the power of the Spirit, the infinite Godhead that creates the cosmos. ~Jackie Gleason

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

CAFFEINE NAP

Caffeine takes 30 minutes after ingestion to enter your bloodstream and have an effect on your concentration.

The caffeine nap: Chug some caffeine before a nap. You will wake up naturally 20-30m later once the caffeine kicks in. Wake up with a huge boost of energy and perhaps a mild euphoria.

Set an alarm as backup. Limit the nap to 25 minutes so that you don’t enter deep sleep.

It sounds weird, but give it a try.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

MASTER THE ART OF NAPPING

I’m a religious napper. I rarely go a day without one.

According to Sara Mednick, PhD, napping will allow you to:

  • Increase alertness
  • Make better decisions
  • Preserve youthful looks
  • Lose weight
  • Improve stamina
  • Boost creativity
  • Help memory
  • Alleviate migraines
  • Speed up motor performance
  • Improve perception
  • Improve your sex life
  • Reduce risk of heart attack and stroke
  • Elevate mood
  • Reduce stress
  • Reduce dependence on drugs/alcohol
  • Improve the quality of your nocturnal sleep

And finally, it just feels good.

NASA states that "an afternoon nap increases productivity by 35% and decision making ability by up to 50%".

Hopefully you’re convinced… Besides, who doesn’t enjoy a nap? :)

Adult humans are naturally biphasic. We’re neurologically wired for the afternoon nap. The “afternoon dip” occurs between the 6th and 8th hour after waking up – that’s 1pm-3pm if you rise at 7am. But there’s no hard and fast rule on when you should nap. Listen to your body.

Naps naturally (i.e. without an alarm) last for 20-60m, sometimes up to 90 but rarely longer. I can wake up after 20m without an alarm. If a nap lasts longer than 90m it can mean two things:

   1. You are sleep deprived.
   2. Your nap occurred much later than 3pm.

Late naps are more likely to include deep sleep (SWS), which is fine, but makes naps longer. Earlier naps include more REM.

Regardless of natural nap duration, I limit naps to 20m. Naps shorter than 20m are called power naps and include only stage 1, stage 2, and sometimes REM. Stage 3 and 4 sleep (a.k.a. Slow-Wave-Sleep/SWS/deep-sleep), will make you groggy since core parts of your brain shut down. Waking up in the middle of an SWS episode means those parts have to reboot. Result: you feel groggy.

Naps with SWS are natural and immensely restorative. So 60-90m naps are definitely OK. But I find they take a bit more skill to execute properly. Power naps are an easier and more time-effective solution.

Napping is a skill. At first you may find it difficult to fall asleep even if you’re tired. Or maybe you can’t cut your snooze button addiction and tend to oversleep naps. Give it time and practice. The effort is worth it.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

NAPPING

You must sleep sometime between lunch and dinner, and no half-way measures. Take off your clothes and get into bed. That's what I always do. Don't think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the day. That's a foolish notion held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to accomplish more. You get two days in one —well, at least one and a half, I'm sure. When the war started, I had to sleep during the day because that was the only way I could cope with my responsibilities. ~Sir Winston Churchill

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

AVOID FOODS THAT YOU MAY BE SENSITIVE TO

It is estimated that 70% of the population is lactose intolerant (dairy). 33% have yeast sensitivity. 15% have gluten sensitivity (wheat). And 35% have fructose or sugar sensitivity.

In other words, you probably have one of these sensitivities. And these dietary intolerances are tragically under-diagnosed. So statistically speaking, you probably have one but don’t know it. This can be very bad. Gluten sensitive people, for example, may develop major health issues later in life like multiple sclerosis if they continue to eat wheat. Your body destroys itself when exposed to food it can’t digest.

In terms of sleep, it’s important to eliminate or minimize ingestion of sensitive food products, especially close to bed time. Wheat and dairy products in particular greatly disrupt sleep in sensitive people.

Your digestive system will be forced to work in overhaul, disrupting the sleep process and using blood flow during sleep when it’s better spent on the brain.

I’m gluten sensitive and didn’t know it for years. Removing wheat from my diet has changed everything. More energy. Better sleep.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

CONTROL YOUR CORTISOL

Levels of cortisol, the “stress hormone,” spike in the morning and decrease throughout the day. Cortisol levels should be as low as possible when you go to bed. High cortisol levels during sleep drastically decrease slow-wave sleep (SWS) amount, meaning you won’t wake up refreshed.

Facilitate the natural decrease in cortisol levels by…
 
    1. Eating breakfast in the morning
    2. Eating low glycemic index meals instead of high GI meals.
    3. Don’t go 5 hours without food.
    4. Don’t skip meals, but don’t eat heavy meals either.

Follow these rules and cortisol will decrease, your sleep quality will improve, daily energy will improve, sleep need will reduce.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

EAT BREAKFAST

Eat breakfast within 1 hour of waking up. This does 2 things. 

1. It regulates your hormonal rhythms (e.g. cortisol rhythm).
2. It acts as a zeitgeber. Just like sunlight, it will reset your body clock. Ensures that your sleep schedule is properly synced with your body clock. 


It will give you more energy throughout the day and better sleep the following night.
Experiment with different foods. I prefer a smaller breakfast. Brown rice, eggs, spinach. Sometimes just a fruit smoothie (bananas, water, frozen blueberries, frozen spinach).


By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

DRINK CAFFEINE IN THE MORNING, NOT AT NIGHT

Caffeine in the system reduces the amount of deep sleep that occurs at night. You will wake up feeling less refreshed, and over time your body will want/require more time in bed to compensate for the poor sleep quality. You’ll have less energy, which you would fight with more caffeine. Don’t fall into this cycle. 

Caffeine is safe and perhaps has decent health benefits. The key is in the timing. The safest time is in the morning, right when you wake up. The caffeine will be flushed from your system by the time you have a nap in the afternoon. By then you can have more caffeine immediately before or after the nap. 

Caffeine 6 hours before bedtime will disrupt sleep.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

EAT A SMALL PRE-BEDTIME SNACK


An overhauled digestive system is bad. But a small amount of energy in your system might improve sleep. Eat a 150 calorie snack before bedtime. Nothing artificial. Preferably no sugar or carbohydrates, unless you need aid in falling asleep. A spoonful of slow-digesting, omega-3 rich flaxseed oil is a good choice. It will be easily and slowly digested and provide energy for your body throughout the night.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

EAT LIGHT IN THE EVENING

One of the greatest expenditures of energy in the body is from digestion of food. Large amounts of blood flow are directed toward the digestive system after a large meal. This means less blood flow, thus less energy, available for the brain. Low blood flow in the brain during sleep means poor sleep quality, since the brain conducts all sleep processes. So eat light in the evening.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

EAT WHOLE FOODS, UNPROCESSED FOODS, AND RAW FOODS

Here’s one way to immediately – starting tonight – reduce the amount of sleep your body needs: change your diet.

Most people today have a poor understanding of what’s healthy and what’s not. Granola bars aren’t healthy; they’re highly processed. Most fruit juices are not healthy; they might contain high fructose corn syrup. Many studies even show milk to be very unhealthy, particularly the protein casein found in milk. Whole wheat bread is negligibly healthier than white break; both are highly processed.

Foods have a direct effect on our sleep quality and duration. I have spent a lot of time trying to crack the diet vs. sleep-need code. I haven’t cracked it yet, but here’s some observations:

1. Seth Roberts reduced his sleep need by ~30m by reducing the amount of processing in his diet, including cooking and spices, and by avoiding anything packaged or artificial.

2. Some raw-foodists say they need less sleep on a raw food diet compared to a cooked food diet.

3. I noticed a ~60m reduction in sleep need after eliminating artificial and processed foods. This includes just about anything packaged, even bread and pasta.

4. Carbohydrates are linked to an increase in sleep need. Nutritionalist Dr. Stanley Bass experimented with removing sugars (even fruit) from his diet. Sleep need went from 8h to 5h.

In conclusion? Really, my best advice is… Eat Food. Mostly Plants. Not too Much. Sage advice from In Defense of Food that is a recipe for good health and may be a good recipe for optimal sleep. By “Eat Food” we mean eat yogurt, not Gogurt. Gogurt isn’t food.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

Diet


Sleep is a symptom of caffeine deprivation.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

REDUCE YOUR SLEEP NEED

The same study from above showed that it might be possible to train ourselves to need less sleep. The six 8-hour sleepers continued to reduce sleep by 30m increments until they were sleeping as low as 4.5-hours a night(ouch).

The subjects experienced severe fatigue below the 6.0-hour mark, but I guess their suffering was in the name of science...

After the study was over, the researchers caught up with the subjects the following year. It turned out that all subjects were naturally, by choice, sleeping 1-2hours below their pre-study baseline -i.e they were sleeping 6-7hours instead of 8.

Is this evidence that by gradually reducing our sleep need and giving our bodies time to adapt we can make a permanent change in our sleep need?

Perhaps.

It appears that flaky,undisciplined schedules - like sleeping in on the weekend - will reset any sleep reduction adaption. It also appears that for most people, there is a limit - sleeping below 6 hours does not seem sustainable without an alarm clock and accumulated sleep debt.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

GIVE YOUR SLEEP SCHEDULE 10 DAYS TO ‘CLICK’

The sleep tips so far have required adapting to new sleep schedules. When you first adopt a new sleep habit, like waking up at 6am every morning, you will struggle and feel tired. But keep it up for a while. It sometimes takes 7-10 days for a new schedule to “click”.

One older study followed six 8-hour sleepers for over a year. Once every 5 weeks the subjects reduced their sleep by 30m. Started at 8 hours, then 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, etc…

All subjects reported that every time they reduced sleep by 30m the first 7-10 days were difficult. But after 7-10 days their energy levels “clicked.”

Programming new sleep habits can be difficult. Go gradually if possible and give each incremental change a few days to click.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

KEEP A SLEEP LOG

Strength trainers keep detailed work out logs. Why not keep a sleep log?

Sleep logs provide many benefits. It takes 15 seconds every morning to record your sleep/wake time. I have kept a daily sleep log (off and on) for over a year.

I can see specific patterns in the way I sleep and associate them with my lifestyle habits that I record in a journal. For example, how do dietary habits affect sleep duration? How much do I sleep while free-running as compared to when I use an alarm clock?

Self-experimenter and author Seth Roberts kept a sleep log when he was younger. He reviewed it several years later and noticed that there was an immediate shift in sleep duration at around the same time he adopted a raw, whole foods diet. The diet change decreased his sleep need by about 30 minutes (he never used an alarm clock, so this was a natural decrease).

In my own logs, I’ve seen correlations between exercise intensity and sleep duration, diet and sleep duration, and more.

A sleep log might seem a bit OCD, but it’s a worthwhile time investment.

To log your data, use one of the following:

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

POLYPHASIC SLEEP


Nearly all animals in the animal kingdom have multiple sleep episodes per day. Sleeping just once per 24h period is an anomaly, and may partially be an artifact of artificial lighting. Most adult humans are naturally wired for sleeping twice every 24 hour period -a 6-7h nocturnal rest with a 20-60m siesta in the afternoon. Sleep patterns defined by more than one sleeping episode every 24h period are called polyphasic sleep.

Polyphasic sleep has created a buzz on the Internet lately. Self-experimenters usually try one of two schedules:

  1. Nap for 20 minutes every 4 hours (total of 2h per day), or
  2. Have a 3h "core sleep" at night with three 20m naps in the day (total 4h per day).

Polyphasic sleep seems to be the only way to function on less than 5 hours of sleep (for genetically non-short sleepers). Unfortunately, our of all the people who try to adapt to such a schedule, the majority fail, suggesting that some people just aren't wired for this.

Polyphasic sleep is an interesting sleep schedule that some people use with success, but the topic is too detailed to cover fully here.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

TRY FREE-RUNNING SLEEP

Free-running sleep means:

  1. Go to sleep when tired.
  2. Wake up without an alarm.
Early studies on circadian rhythm showed that our internal clocks run on a 25-hour period when isloated from external stimuli like daylight and timekeeping. External cues like sunlight reset our circadian rhythm and math it with the 24 hour day. These cues are called zeitgebers. (Other zeitgebers are food,exercise, and social interaction).

Even with a 25h internal clock, humans have slept with the 24h day before alarm clocks were invented. Artificial light prolongs the internal clock. To wake up without an alarm clock, don't expose yourself to too much artificial light at night. That will shift your internal clock forward.

Many insomniacs have circadian rhythms that run on 26 or 27 hour periods. It is difficult to entrain a 27-hour internal clock with a 24-hour external clock. Solution: free-running sleep with 27-hour days. Go to bed when you're tired, wake up naturally. Obviously hard to manage if you're not self-employed or on vacation.

Studies show that free-running sleepers experience a 10-15% boost in creativity compared to those who use an alarm clock.

Health-wise, free-running sleep is the optimal sleep schedule. It can be synced with the 24h day, but with artificial lights(like computer monitors) it might run out of sync,which is OK too.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM


A circadian rhythm is an endogenously driven roughly 24-hour cycle in biochemical, physiological, or behavioural processes. Circadian rhythms have been widely observed, in plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria (see bacterial circadian rhythms). The term "circadian" comes from the Latin circa, meaning "around", and diem or dies, meaning "day". The formal study of biological temporal rhythms such as daily, tidal, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms is called chronobiology. Although circadian rhythms are endogenous ("built-in", self-sustained), they are adjusted (entrained) to the environment by external cues called zeitgebers, the primary one of which is daylight.

If you want to find out more about a circadian rhythm visit Wikipedia.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

WAKE UP AT THE SAME TIME EVERY MORNING

Keep wake-up times consistent and sleep quality will improve dramatically, giving you more energy and decreased sleep need.

Your body has an internal 24-hour clock which controls your circadian rhythm. Sleep quality is optimized during a very specific window of your circadian rhythm. If you learn to sleep exactly within that window you will enjoy the best sleep of your life. That is, you want to perfectly hit the "circadian low-point", which is the time when your body is programmed to sleep.

If you sleep in on weekends your internal clock is always playing catch-up as it tries to match itself with your indecisive wake-up times. For each hour you sleep in late on weekends it will take an extra day during the week to reset your clock. Sleeping in on weekends makes it difficult to hit the circadian low point. Your body tries to increase sleep duration to compensate for poor sleep quality.

Keep wake-up times consistent. Even on weekends. Your sleep quality will skyrocket.

For those who don't need alarm clocks (e.g. you are self-employed), you might be better off with free-running sleep.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

THE 28 HOUR DAY

Jet lag is far, far less intense flying west than it is flying east. Flying west you follow the sun and extend your day.

For some reason, it appears that it is easier for humans to push our body clocks forward. It only takes 1 day of sleeping in to push our clocks forward by 3 hours, but it takes 3 days of waking up early to reset it to normal.

This is why some have adopted the 28-hour day. Why 28? It syncs with the 168-hour week. Six 28-hour days instead of seven 24-hour days. Good for those who want to be awake in the evening and night during weekends(for going out).

If you follow any non-24 hour sleep schedule, use zeitgebers properly. Light is the strongest zeitgeber, and since you can no longer rely on the sun, sleep masks (sleep tip 29) and light boxes (sleep tip 27) become beneficial.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK

Zeitgeber

Zeitgeber (from German for "time giver," or "synchronizer") is any exogenous (external) cue that synchronizes an organism's endogenous (internal) time-keeping system (clock) to the earth's 24-hour light/dark cycle. The strongest zeitgeber, for both plants and animals, is light. Non-photic zeitgebers include temperature, social interactions, pharmacological manipulation, exercise, and eating/drinking patterns. To maintain clock-environment synchrony, zeitgebers induce changes in the concentrations of the molecular components of the clock to levels consistent with the appropriate stage in the 24-hour cycle, a process termed entrainment.

The German term zeitgeber came into the English language when Jürgen Aschoff, one of the founders of the field of chronobiology, used it in the 1960s. It is now in common use in the scientific literature in this field.

Information about "Zeitgeber" gathered from wikipedia.

By Christopher W. SLEEPBREAK